SUMIN/HuggingFace_transformer
1
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull Requests Actions 7 Packages Projects Releases Wiki Activity

Automated compatible models list for task guides (#21338)

Browse Source 
* initial commit. added tip placeholders and a script

* removed unused imports, fixed paths

* fixed generated links

* make style

* split language modeling doc into two: causal language modeling and masked language modeling

* added check_task_guides.py to make fix-copies

* review feedback addressed
This commit is contained in:
Maria Khalusova
2023-01-27 13:19:28 -05:00
committed by GitHub
parent 8f3b4a1d5b
commit 73a2ff6974
18 changed files with 680 additions and 313 deletions
Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

332
docs/source/en/tasks/language_modeling.mdx
View File

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
<!--Copyright 2022 The HuggingFace Team. All rights reserved.
<!--Copyright 2023 The HuggingFace Team. All rights reserved.
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
@@ -10,26 +10,33 @@ an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express o
specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
-->
# Language modeling
# Causal language modeling
Language modeling tasks predicts words in a sentence, making these types of models great at generating text. You can use these models for creative applications like choosing your own text adventure or an intelligent coding assistant like Copilot or CodeParrot. There are two types of language modeling, causal and masked.
[[open-in-colab]]
There are two types of language modeling, causal and masked. This guide illustrates causal language modeling.
Causal language models are frequently used for text generation. You can use these models for creative applications like
choosing your own text adventure or an intelligent coding assistant like Copilot or CodeParrot.
<Youtube id="Vpjb1lu0MDk"/>
Causal language modeling predicts the next token in a sequence of tokens, and the model can only attend to tokens on the left. This means the model cannot see future tokens. GPT-2 is an example of a causal language model.
<Youtube id="mqElG5QJWUg"/>
Masked language modeling predicts a masked token in a sequence, and the model can attend to tokens bidirectionally. This means the model has full access to the tokens on the left and right. BERT is an example of a masked language model.
Causal language modeling predicts the next token in a sequence of tokens, and the model can only attend to tokens on
the left. This means the model cannot see future tokens. GPT-2 is an example of a causal language model.
This guide will show you how to:
1. Finetune [DistilGPT2](https://huggingface.co/distilgpt2) for causal language modeling and [DistilRoBERTa](https://huggingface.co/distilroberta-base) for masked language modeling on the [r/askscience](https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/) subset of the [ELI5](https://huggingface.co/datasets/eli5) dataset.
1. Finetune [DistilGPT2](https://huggingface.co/distilgpt2) on the [r/askscience](https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/) subset of the [ELI5](https://huggingface.co/datasets/eli5) dataset.
2. Use your finetuned model for inference.
<Tip>
You can finetune other architectures for causal language modeling following the same steps in this guide.
Choose one of the following architectures:
You can finetune other architectures for language modeling such as [GPT-Neo](https://huggingface.co/EleutherAI/gpt-neo-125M), [GPT-J](https://huggingface.co/EleutherAI/gpt-j-6B), and [BERT](https://huggingface.co/bert-base-uncased), following the same steps in this guide! See the text generation [task page](https://huggingface.co/tasks/text-generation) and fill mask [task page](https://huggingface.co/tasks/fill-mask) for more information about their associated models, datasets, and metrics.
<!--This tip is automatically generated by `make fix-copies`, do not fill manually!-->
[BART](../model_doc/bart), [BERT](../model_doc/bert), [Bert Generation](../model_doc/bert-generation), [BigBird](../model_doc/big_bird), [BigBird-Pegasus](../model_doc/bigbird_pegasus), [BioGpt](../model_doc/biogpt), [Blenderbot](../model_doc/blenderbot), [BlenderbotSmall](../model_doc/blenderbot-small), [BLOOM](../model_doc/bloom), [CamemBERT](../model_doc/camembert), [CodeGen](../model_doc/codegen), [CTRL](../model_doc/ctrl), [Data2VecText](../model_doc/data2vec-text), [ELECTRA](../model_doc/electra), [ERNIE](../model_doc/ernie), [GIT](../model_doc/git), [GPT-Sw3](../model_doc/gpt-sw3), [OpenAI GPT-2](../model_doc/gpt2), [GPT Neo](../model_doc/gpt_neo), [GPT NeoX](../model_doc/gpt_neox), [GPT NeoX Japanese](../model_doc/gpt_neox_japanese), [GPT-J](../model_doc/gptj), [Marian](../model_doc/marian), [mBART](../model_doc/mbart), [Megatron-BERT](../model_doc/megatron-bert), [MVP](../model_doc/mvp), [OpenAI GPT](../model_doc/openai-gpt), [OPT](../model_doc/opt), [Pegasus](../model_doc/pegasus), [PLBart](../model_doc/plbart), [ProphetNet](../model_doc/prophetnet), [QDQBert](../model_doc/qdqbert), [Reformer](../model_doc/reformer), [RemBERT](../model_doc/rembert), [RoBERTa](../model_doc/roberta), [RoBERTa-PreLayerNorm](../model_doc/roberta-prelayernorm), [RoCBert](../model_doc/roc_bert), [RoFormer](../model_doc/roformer), [Speech2Text2](../model_doc/speech_to_text_2), [Transformer-XL](../model_doc/transfo-xl), [TrOCR](../model_doc/trocr), [XGLM](../model_doc/xglm), [XLM](../model_doc/xlm), [XLM-ProphetNet](../model_doc/xlm-prophetnet), [XLM-RoBERTa](../model_doc/xlm-roberta), [XLM-RoBERTa-XL](../model_doc/xlm-roberta-xl), [XLNet](../model_doc/xlnet)
<!--End of the generated tip-->
</Tip>
@@ -39,7 +46,7 @@ Before you begin, make sure you have all the necessary libraries installed:
pip install transformers datasets evaluate
```
We encourage you to login to your Hugging Face account so you can upload and share your model with the community. When prompted, enter your token to login:
We encourage you to log in to your Hugging Face account so you can upload and share your model with the community. When prompted, enter your token to log in:
```py
>>> from huggingface_hub import notebook_login
@@ -49,7 +56,8 @@ We encourage you to login to your Hugging Face account so you can upload and sha
## Load ELI5 dataset
Start by loading a smaller subset of the r/askscience subset of the ELI5 dataset from the 🤗 Datasets library. This'll give you a chance to experiment and make sure everythings works before spending more time training on the full dataset.
Start by loading a smaller subset of the r/askscience subset of the ELI5 dataset from the 🤗 Datasets library.
This'll give you a chance to experiment and make sure everything works before spending more time training on the full dataset.
```py
>>> from datasets import load_dataset
@@ -81,13 +89,14 @@ Then take a look at an example:
'title_urls': {'url': []}}
```
While this may look like a lot, you're only really interested in the `text` field. What's cool about language modeling tasks is you don't need labels (also known as an unsupervised task) because the next word *is* the label.
While this may look like a lot, you're only really interested in the `text` field. What's cool about language modeling
tasks is you don't need labels (also known as an unsupervised task) because the next word *is* the label.
## Preprocess
<Youtube id="ma1TrR7gE7I"/>
For causal language modeling, the next step is to load a DistilGPT2 tokenizer to process the `text` subfield:
The next step is to load a DistilGPT2 tokenizer to process the `text` subfield:
```py
>>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer
@@ -95,17 +104,8 @@ For causal language modeling, the next step is to load a DistilGPT2 tokenizer to
>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("distilgpt2")
```
<Youtube id="8PmhEIXhBvI"/>
For masked language modeling, the next step is to load a DistilRoBERTa tokenizer to process the `text` subfield:
```py
>>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer
>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("distilroberta-base")
```
You'll notice from the example above, the `text` field is actually nested inside `answers`. This means you'll need to extract the `text` subfield from its nested structure with the [`flatten`](https://huggingface.co/docs/datasets/process.html#flatten) method:
You'll notice from the example above, the `text` field is actually nested inside `answers`. This means you'll need to
extract the `text` subfield from its nested structure with the [`flatten`](https://huggingface.co/docs/datasets/process.html#flatten) method:
```py
>>> eli5 = eli5.flatten()
@@ -124,7 +124,8 @@ You'll notice from the example above, the `text` field is actually nested inside
'title_urls.url': []}
```
Each subfield is now a separate column as indicated by the `answers` prefix, and the `text` field is a list now. Instead of tokenizing each sentence separately, convert the list to a string so you can jointly tokenize them.
Each subfield is now a separate column as indicated by the `answers` prefix, and the `text` field is a list now. Instead
of tokenizing each sentence separately, convert the list to a string so you can jointly tokenize them.
Here is how you can create a preprocessing function to convert the list to a string, and truncate sequences to be no longer than DistilGPT2's maximum input length:
@@ -171,11 +172,12 @@ Apply the `group_texts` function over the entire dataset:
>>> lm_dataset = tokenized_eli5.map(group_texts, batched=True, num_proc=4)
```
Now create a batch of examples using [`DataCollatorForLanguageModeling`]. It's more efficient to *dynamically pad* the sentences to the longest length in a batch during collation, instead of padding the whole dataset to the maximium length.
Now create a batch of examples using [`DataCollatorForLanguageModeling`]. It's more efficient to *dynamically pad* the
sentences to the longest length in a batch during collation, instead of padding the whole dataset to the maximum length.
<frameworkcontent>
<pt>
For causal language modeling, use the end-of-sequence token as the padding token and set `mlm=False`. This will use the inputs as labels shifted to the right by one element:
Use the end-of-sequence token as the padding token and set `mlm=False`. This will use the inputs as labels shifted to the right by one element:
```py
>>> from transformers import DataCollatorForLanguageModeling
@@ -184,17 +186,9 @@ For causal language modeling, use the end-of-sequence token as the padding token
>>> data_collator = DataCollatorForLanguageModeling(tokenizer=tokenizer, mlm=False)
```
For masked language modeling, use the end-of-sequence token as the padding token and specify `mlm_probability` to randomly mask tokens each time you iterate over the data:
```py
>>> from transformers import DataCollatorForLanguageModeling
>>> tokenizer.pad_token = tokenizer.eos_token
>>> data_collator = DataCollatorForLanguageModeling(tokenizer=tokenizer, mlm_probability=0.15)
```
</pt>
<tf>
For causal language modeling, use the end-of-sequence token as the padding token and set `mlm=False`. This will use the inputs as labels shifted to the right by one element:
Use the end-of-sequence token as the padding token and set `mlm=False`. This will use the inputs as labels shifted to the right by one element:
```py
>>> from transformers import DataCollatorForLanguageModeling
@@ -202,27 +196,17 @@ For causal language modeling, use the end-of-sequence token as the padding token
>>> data_collator = DataCollatorForLanguageModeling(tokenizer=tokenizer, mlm=False, return_tensors="tf")
```
For masked language modeling, use the end-of-sequence token as the padding token and specify `mlm_probability` to randomly mask tokens each time you iterate over the data:
```py
>>> from transformers import DataCollatorForLanguageModeling
>>> data_collator = DataCollatorForLanguageModeling(tokenizer=tokenizer, mlm_probability=0.15, return_tensors="tf")
```
</tf>
</frameworkcontent>
## Causal language modeling
Causal language models are frequently used for text generation. This section shows you how to finetune [DistilGPT2](https://huggingface.co/distilgpt2) to generate new text.
### Train
## Train
<frameworkcontent>
<pt>
<Tip>
If you aren't familiar with finetuning a model with the [`Trainer`], take a look at the basic tutorial [here](../training#train-with-pytorch-trainer)!
If you aren't familiar with finetuning a model with the [`Trainer`], take a look at the [basic tutorial](../training#train-with-pytorch-trainer)!
</Tip>
You're ready to start training your model now! Load DistilGPT2 with [`AutoModelForCausalLM`]:
@@ -278,7 +262,7 @@ Then share your model to the Hub with the [`~transformers.Trainer.push_to_hub`]
<tf>
<Tip>
If you aren't familiar with finetuning a model with Keras, take a look at the basic tutorial [here](../training#train-a-tensorflow-model-with-keras)!
If you aren't familiar with finetuning a model with Keras, take a look at the [basic tutorial](../training#train-a-tensorflow-model-with-keras)!
</Tip>
To finetune a model in TensorFlow, start by setting up an optimizer function, learning rate schedule, and some training hyperparameters:
@@ -352,7 +336,7 @@ or [TensorFlow notebook](https://colab.research.google.com/github/huggingface/no
</Tip>
### Inference
## Inference
Great, now that you've finetuned a model, you can use it for inference!
@@ -383,7 +367,8 @@ Tokenize the text and return the `input_ids` as PyTorch tensors:
>>> inputs = tokenizer(prompt, return_tensors="pt").input_ids
```
Use the [`~transformers.generation_utils.GenerationMixin.generate`] method to generate text. For more details about the different text generation strategies and parameters for controlling generation, check out the [Text Generation](./main_classes/text_generation) API.
Use the [`~transformers.generation_utils.GenerationMixin.generate`] method to generate text.
For more details about the different text generation strategies and parameters for controlling generation, check out the [Text generation strategies](../generation_strategies) page.
```py
>>> from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM
@@ -409,7 +394,7 @@ Tokenize the text and return the `input_ids` as TensorFlow tensors:
>>> inputs = tokenizer(prompt, return_tensors="tf").input_ids
```
Use the [`~transformers.generation_tf_utils.TFGenerationMixin.generate`] method to create the summarization. For more details about the different text generation strategies and parameters for controlling generation, check out the [Text Generation](./main_classes/text_generation) API.
Use the [`~transformers.generation_tf_utils.TFGenerationMixin.generate`] method to create the summarization. For more details about the different text generation strategies and parameters for controlling generation, check out the [Text generation strategies](../generation_strategies) page.
```py
>>> from transformers import TFAutoModelForCausalLM
@@ -426,244 +411,3 @@ Decode the generated token ids back into text:
```
</tf>
</frameworkcontent>
## Masked language modeling
Masked language modeling are good for tasks that require a good contextual understanding of an entire sequence. This section shows you how to finetune [DistilRoBERTa](https://huggingface.co/distilroberta-base) to predict a masked word.
### Train
<frameworkcontent>
<pt>
<Tip>
If you aren't familiar with finetuning a model with the [`Trainer`], take a look at the basic tutorial [here](../training#train-with-pytorch-trainer)!
</Tip>
You're ready to start training your model now! Load DistilRoBERTa with [`AutoModelForMaskedLM`]:
```py
>>> from transformers import AutoModelForMaskedLM
>>> model = AutoModelForMaskedLM.from_pretrained("distilroberta-base")
```
At this point, only three steps remain:
1. Define your training hyperparameters in [`TrainingArguments`]. The only required parameter is `output_dir` which specifies where to save your model. You'll push this model to the Hub by setting `push_to_hub=True` (you need to be signed in to Hugging Face to upload your model).
2. Pass the training arguments to [`Trainer`] along with the model, datasets, and data collator.
3. Call [`~Trainer.train`] to finetune your model.
```py
>>> training_args = TrainingArguments(
... output_dir="my_awesome_eli5_mlm_model",
... evaluation_strategy="epoch",
... learning_rate=2e-5,
... num_train_epochs=3,
... weight_decay=0.01,
... push_to_hub=True,
... )
>>> trainer = Trainer(
... model=model,
... args=training_args,
... train_dataset=lm_dataset["train"],
... eval_dataset=lm_dataset["test"],
... data_collator=data_collator,
... )
>>> trainer.train()
```
Once training is completed, use the [`~transformers.Trainer.evaluate`] method to evaluate your model and get its perplexity:
```py
>>> import math
>>> eval_results = trainer.evaluate()
>>> print(f"Perplexity: {math.exp(eval_results['eval_loss']):.2f}")
Perplexity: 8.76
```
Then share your model to the Hub with the [`~transformers.Trainer.push_to_hub`] method so everyone can use your model:
```py
>>> trainer.push_to_hub()
```
</pt>
<tf>
<Tip>
If you aren't familiar with finetuning a model with Keras, take a look at the basic tutorial [here](../training#train-a-tensorflow-model-with-keras)!
</Tip>
To finetune a model in TensorFlow, start by setting up an optimizer function, learning rate schedule, and some training hyperparameters:
```py
>>> from transformers import create_optimizer, AdamWeightDecay
>>> optimizer = AdamWeightDecay(learning_rate=2e-5, weight_decay_rate=0.01)
```
Then you can load DistilRoBERTa with [`TFAutoModelForMaskedLM`]:
```py
>>> from transformers import TFAutoModelForMaskedLM
>>> model = TFAutoModelForMaskedLM.from_pretrained("distilroberta-base")
```
Convert your datasets to the `tf.data.Dataset` format with [`~transformers.TFPreTrainedModel.prepare_tf_dataset`]:
```py
>>> tf_train_set = model.prepare_tf_dataset(
... lm_dataset["train"],
... shuffle=True,
... batch_size=16,
... collate_fn=data_collator,
... )
>>> tf_test_set = model.prepare_tf_dataset(
... lm_dataset["test"],
... shuffle=False,
... batch_size=16,
... collate_fn=data_collator,
... )
```
Configure the model for training with [`compile`](https://keras.io/api/models/model_training_apis/#compile-method):
```py
>>> import tensorflow as tf
>>> model.compile(optimizer=optimizer)
```
This can be done by specifying where to push your model and tokenizer in the [`~transformers.PushToHubCallback`]:
```py
>>> from transformers.keras_callbacks import PushToHubCallback
>>> callback = PushToHubCallback(
... output_dir="my_awesome_eli5_mlm_model",
... tokenizer=tokenizer,
... )
```
Finally, you're ready to start training your model! Call [`fit`](https://keras.io/api/models/model_training_apis/#fit-method) with your training and validation datasets, the number of epochs, and your callback to finetune the model:
```py
>>> model.fit(x=tf_train_set, validation_data=tf_test_set, epochs=3, callbacks=[callback])
```
Once training is completed, your model is automatically uploaded to the Hub so everyone can use it!
</tf>
</frameworkcontent>
<Tip>
For a more in-depth example of how to finetune a model for masked language modeling, take a look at the corresponding
[PyTorch notebook](https://colab.research.google.com/github/huggingface/notebooks/blob/main/examples/language_modeling.ipynb)
or [TensorFlow notebook](https://colab.research.google.com/github/huggingface/notebooks/blob/main/examples/language_modeling-tf.ipynb).
</Tip>
### Inference
Great, now that you've finetuned a model, you can use it for inference!
Come up with some text you'd like the model to fill in the blank with, and use the special `<mask>` token to indicate the blank:
```py
>>> text = "The Milky Way is a <mask> galaxy."
```
The simplest way to try out your finetuned model for inference is to use it in a [`pipeline`]. Instantiate a `pipeline` for fill-mask with your model, and pass your text to it. If you like, you can use the `top_k` parameter to specify how many predictions to return:
```py
>>> from transformers import pipeline
>>> mask_filler = pipeline("fill-mask", "stevhliu/my_awesome_eli5_mlm_model")
>>> mask_filler(text, top_k=3)
[{'score': 0.5150994658470154,
'token': 21300,
'token_str': ' spiral',
'sequence': 'The Milky Way is a spiral galaxy.'},
{'score': 0.07087188959121704,
'token': 2232,
'token_str': ' massive',
'sequence': 'The Milky Way is a massive galaxy.'},
{'score': 0.06434620916843414,
'token': 650,
'token_str': ' small',
'sequence': 'The Milky Way is a small galaxy.'}]
```
<frameworkcontent>
<pt>
Tokenize the text and return the `input_ids` as PyTorch tensors. You'll also need to specify the position of the `<mask>` token:
```py
>>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer
>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("my_awesome_eli5_mlm_model")
>>> inputs = tokenizer(text, return_tensors="pt")
>>> mask_token_index = torch.where(inputs["input_ids"] == tokenizer.mask_token_id)[1]
```
Pass your inputs to the model and return the `logits` of the masked token:
```py
>>> from transformers import AutoModelForMaskedLM
>>> model = AutoModelForMaskedLM.from_pretrained("stevhliu/my_awesome_eli5_mlm_model")
>>> logits = model(**inputs).logits
>>> mask_token_logits = logits[0, mask_token_index, :]
```
Then return the three masked tokens with the highest probability and print them out:
```py
>>> top_3_tokens = torch.topk(mask_token_logits, 3, dim=1).indices[0].tolist()
>>> for token in top_3_tokens:
... print(text.replace(tokenizer.mask_token, tokenizer.decode([token])))
The Milky Way is a spiral galaxy.
The Milky Way is a massive galaxy.
The Milky Way is a small galaxy.
```
</pt>
<tf>
Tokenize the text and return the `input_ids` as TensorFlow tensors. You'll also need to specify the position of the `<mask>` token:
```py
>>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer
>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("my_awesome_eli5_mlm_model")
>>> inputs = tokenizer(text, return_tensors="tf")
>>> mask_token_index = tf.where(inputs["input_ids"] == tokenizer.mask_token_id)[0, 1]
```
Pass your inputs to the model and return the `logits` of the masked token:
```py
>>> from transformers import TFAutoModelForMaskedLM
>>> model = TFAutoModelForMaskedLM.from_pretrained("stevhliu/my_awesome_eli5_mlm_model")
>>> logits = model(**inputs).logits
>>> mask_token_logits = logits[0, mask_token_index, :]
```
Then return the three masked tokens with the highest probability and print them out:
```py
>>> top_3_tokens = tf.math.top_k(mask_token_logits, 3).indices.numpy()
>>> for token in top_3_tokens:
... print(text.replace(tokenizer.mask_token, tokenizer.decode([token])))
The Milky Way is a spiral galaxy.
The Milky Way is a massive galaxy.
The Milky Way is a small galaxy.
```
</tf>
</frameworkcontent>