WIP: Support for Training with BF16 (#13207)

* started bf16 integration

* minor changes

* code now runs

* style

* lay foundation for bf16 testing

* lay foundation for bf16 testing

* start the tests

* better bf16 check

* style

* 2 separate checkers - one for bf16 support, another for bf16+autocast

* Update src/transformers/training_args.py

Co-authored-by: Stas Bekman <stas00@users.noreply.github.com>

* a couple of comment resolutions

* more comment resolutions

* resolved a small bug

* just some print statemtns

* added todo marking

* added a todo

* adjust for API change s/fast_dtype/dtype/

* fix style

* merge 2 bf16 util functions

* bf16 now does scaling too

* Add support for bfloat16

* Revert T5 layernorm to float32

This is based on the comment at https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/pull/14448/files#r752660929 and the PyTorch PR https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/pull/66920 .

* Add comment about conversion to float32 before returning the numpy data

* Add comment about AMP-bfloat16 incompatibility

* Fix formatting

* typo

* reformer / bf16

* cleanup

* require at least pt-1.10

* fix

* will deal with deepspeed separately

* cleanup

* revert

* cleanup

* fp16_full_eval and bf16_full_eval are separate modes

* proper deprecation

* cleanup

* test and fixes

* spelling

* cleanup

* add a note that this API is experimental

Co-authored-by: jamie <jamie@cortx.com>
Co-authored-by: Stas Bekman <stas@stason.org>
Co-authored-by: Stas Bekman <stas00@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: suriya <suriya@cortx.com>
Co-authored-by: Manuel R. Ciosici <manuelrciosici@gmail.com>

src/transformers/file_utils.py

@@ -320,6 +320,37 @@ def is_torch_cuda_available():
         return False
 
 
+def is_torch_bf16_available():
+    if is_torch_available():
+        import torch
+
+        # since currently no utility function is available we build our own.
+        # some bits come from https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/blob/2289a12f21c54da93bf5d696e3f9aea83dd9c10d/torch/testing/_internal/common_cuda.py#L51
+        # with additional check for torch version
+        # to succeed:
+        # 1. the hardware needs to support bf16 (arch >= Ampere)
+        # 2. torch >= 1.10 (1.9 should be enough for AMP API has changed in 1.10, so using 1.10 as minimal)
+        # 3. CUDA >= 11
+        # 4. torch.autocast exists
+        # XXX: one problem here is that it may give invalid results on mixed gpus setup, so it's
+        # really only correct for the 0th gpu (or currently set default device if different from 0)
+
+        if not torch.cuda.is_available() or torch.version.cuda is None:
+            return False
+        if torch.cuda.get_device_properties(torch.cuda.current_device()).major < 8:
+            return False
+        if int(torch.version.cuda.split(".")[0]) < 11:
+            return False
+        if not version.parse(torch.__version__) >= version.parse("1.10"):
+            return False
+        if not hasattr(torch, "autocast"):
+            return False
+
+        return True
+    else:
+        return False
+
+
 _torch_fx_available = _torch_onnx_dict_inputs_support_available = False
 if _torch_available:
     torch_version = version.parse(importlib_metadata.version("torch"))

src/transformers/modeling_utils.py

@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ class ModuleUtilsMixin:
 
         if self.dtype == torch.float16:
             encoder_extended_attention_mask = (1.0 - encoder_extended_attention_mask) * -1e4
-        elif self.dtype == torch.float32:
+        elif self.dtype in [torch.bfloat16, torch.float32]:
             encoder_extended_attention_mask = (1.0 - encoder_extended_attention_mask) * -1e9
         else:
             raise ValueError(

src/transformers/models/t5/modeling_t5.py

@@ -242,9 +242,10 @@ class T5LayerNorm(nn.Module):
         variance = hidden_states.to(torch.float32).pow(2).mean(-1, keepdim=True)
         hidden_states = hidden_states * torch.rsqrt(variance + self.variance_epsilon)
 
-        # convert into float16 if necessary
+        # convert into half-precision if necessary
-        if self.weight.dtype == torch.float16:
+        if self.weight.dtype in [torch.float16, torch.bfloat16]:
-            hidden_states = hidden_states.to(torch.float16)
+            hidden_states = hidden_states.to(self.weight.dtype)
+
         return self.weight * hidden_states
 
 

src/transformers/testing_utils.py

@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ from .file_utils import (
     is_timm_available,
     is_tokenizers_available,
     is_torch_available,
+    is_torch_bf16_available,
     is_torch_tpu_available,
     is_torchaudio_available,
     is_vision_available,
@@ -493,6 +494,14 @@ def require_torch_gpu(test_case):
         return test_case
 
 
+def require_torch_bf16(test_case):
+    """Decorator marking a test that requires CUDA hardware supporting bf16 and PyTorch >= 1.10."""
+    if not is_torch_bf16_available():
+        return unittest.skip("test requires CUDA hardware supporting bf16 and PyTorch >= 1.10")(test_case)
+    else:
+        return test_case
+
+
 def require_datasets(test_case):
     """Decorator marking a test that requires datasets."""
 

src/transformers/trainer.py

@@ -353,13 +353,13 @@ class Trainer:
         # 1. MP - since we are trying to fit a much bigger than 1 gpu model
         # 2. fp16-enabled DeepSpeed loads the model in half the size and it doesn't need .to() anyway,
         #    and we only use deepspeed for training at the moment
-        # 3. full fp16 eval - since the model needs to be half'ed first
+        # 3. full bf16 or fp16 eval - since the model needs to be cast to the right dtype first
         # 4. Sharded DDP - same as MP
         self.place_model_on_device = args.place_model_on_device
         if (
             self.is_model_parallel
             or args.deepspeed
-            or (args.fp16_full_eval and not args.do_train)
+            or ((args.fp16_full_eval or args.bf16_full_eval) and not args.do_train)
             or (self.sharded_ddp in [ShardedDDPOption.ZERO_DP_2, ShardedDDPOption.ZERO_DP_3])
         ):
             self.place_model_on_device = False
@@ -424,18 +424,24 @@ class Trainer:
         # Mixed precision setup
         self.use_apex = False
         self.use_amp = False
-        self.fp16_backend = None
 
-        if args.fp16:
+        if args.fp16 or args.bf16:
-            if args.fp16_backend == "auto":
+            if args.half_precision_backend == "auto":
-                self.fp16_backend = "amp" if _is_native_amp_available else "apex"
+                if _is_native_amp_available:
-            else:
+                    args.half_precision_backend = "amp"
-                self.fp16_backend = args.fp16_backend
+                else:
-            logger.info(f"Using {self.fp16_backend} fp16 backend")
+                    if args.bf16:
+                        raise ValueError("Tried to use `bf16` but native amp is not available")
+                    else:
+                        args.half_precision_backend = "apex"
+            logger.info(f"Using {args.half_precision_backend} half precision backend")
 
-        if args.fp16 and not args.deepspeed:  # deepspeed manages its own fp16
+        self.do_grad_scaling = False
-            if self.fp16_backend == "amp":
+        if (args.fp16 or args.bf16) and not args.deepspeed:  # deepspeed manages its own half precision
+            if args.half_precision_backend == "amp":
                 self.use_amp = True
+                self.amp_dtype = torch.float16 if args.fp16 else torch.bfloat16
+                self.do_grad_scaling = True
                 if is_sagemaker_mp_enabled():
                     self.scaler = smp.amp.GradScaler()
                 elif self.sharded_ddp is not None:
@@ -975,7 +981,7 @@ class Trainer:
             if self.sharded_ddp == ShardedDDPOption.SIMPLE:
                 model = ShardedDDP(model, self.optimizer)
             else:
-                mixed_precision = self.args.fp16
+                mixed_precision = self.args.fp16 or self.args.bf16
                 cpu_offload = ShardedDDPOption.OFFLOAD in self.args.sharded_ddp
                 zero_3 = self.sharded_ddp == ShardedDDPOption.ZERO_DP_3
                 # XXX: Breaking the self.model convention but I see no way around it for now.
@@ -1043,7 +1049,7 @@ class Trainer:
 
         # do_train is not a reliable argument, as it might not be set and .train() still called, so
         # the following is a workaround:
-        if args.fp16_full_eval and not args.do_train:
+        if (args.fp16_full_eval or args.bf16_full_eval) and not args.do_train:
             self._move_model_to_device(self.model, args.device)
 
         if "model_path" in kwargs:
@@ -1341,7 +1347,7 @@ class Trainer:
                     if args.max_grad_norm is not None and args.max_grad_norm > 0 and not self.deepspeed:
                         # deepspeed does its own clipping
 
-                        if self.use_amp:
+                        if self.do_grad_scaling:
                             # AMP: gradients need unscaling
                             self.scaler.unscale_(self.optimizer)
 
@@ -1364,7 +1370,7 @@ class Trainer:
                         pass  # called outside the loop
                     elif is_torch_tpu_available():
                         xm.optimizer_step(self.optimizer)
-                    elif self.use_amp:
+                    elif self.do_grad_scaling:
                         scale_before = self.scaler.get_scale()
                         self.scaler.step(self.optimizer)
                         self.scaler.update()
@@ -1588,7 +1594,7 @@ class Trainer:
                     with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as caught_warnings:
                         torch.save(self.lr_scheduler.state_dict(), os.path.join(output_dir, SCHEDULER_NAME))
                     reissue_pt_warnings(caught_warnings)
-                    if self.use_amp:
+                    if self.do_grad_scaling:
                         torch.save(self.scaler.state_dict(), os.path.join(output_dir, SCALER_NAME))
         elif self.args.should_save and not self.deepspeed:
             # deepspeed.save_checkpoint above saves model/optim/sched
@@ -1596,7 +1602,7 @@ class Trainer:
             with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as caught_warnings:
                 torch.save(self.lr_scheduler.state_dict(), os.path.join(output_dir, SCHEDULER_NAME))
             reissue_pt_warnings(caught_warnings)
-            if self.use_amp:
+            if self.do_grad_scaling:
                 torch.save(self.scaler.state_dict(), os.path.join(output_dir, SCALER_NAME))
 
         # Determine the new best metric / best model checkpoint
@@ -1684,7 +1690,7 @@ class Trainer:
                 with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as caught_warnings:
                     self.lr_scheduler.load_state_dict(torch.load(os.path.join(checkpoint, SCHEDULER_NAME)))
                 reissue_pt_warnings(caught_warnings)
-                if self.use_amp and os.path.isfile(os.path.join(checkpoint, SCALER_NAME)):
+                if self.do_grad_scaling and os.path.isfile(os.path.join(checkpoint, SCALER_NAME)):
                     self.scaler.load_state_dict(torch.load(os.path.join(checkpoint, SCALER_NAME)))
 
     def hyperparameter_search(
@@ -1846,12 +1852,12 @@ class Trainer:
         inputs = self._prepare_inputs(inputs)
 
         if is_sagemaker_mp_enabled():
-            scaler = self.scaler if self.use_amp else None
+            scaler = self.scaler if self.do_grad_scaling else None
             loss_mb = smp_forward_backward(model, inputs, self.args.gradient_accumulation_steps, scaler=scaler)
             return loss_mb.reduce_mean().detach().to(self.args.device)
 
         if self.use_amp:
-            with autocast():
+            with autocast(dtype=self.amp_dtype):
                 loss = self.compute_loss(model, inputs)
         else:
             loss = self.compute_loss(model, inputs)
@@ -1863,7 +1869,7 @@ class Trainer:
             # deepspeed handles loss scaling by gradient_accumulation_steps in its `backward`
             loss = loss / self.args.gradient_accumulation_steps
 
-        if self.use_amp:
+        if self.do_grad_scaling:
             self.scaler.scale(loss).backward()
         elif self.use_apex:
             with amp.scale_loss(loss, self.optimizer) as scaled_loss:
@@ -2220,12 +2226,12 @@ class Trainer:
 
         Works both with or without labels.
         """
-        prediction_loss_only = (
+        args = self.args
-            prediction_loss_only if prediction_loss_only is not None else self.args.prediction_loss_only
+
-        )
+        prediction_loss_only = prediction_loss_only if prediction_loss_only is not None else args.prediction_loss_only
 
         # if eval is called w/o train init deepspeed here
-        if self.args.deepspeed and not self.deepspeed:
+        if args.deepspeed and not self.deepspeed:
 
             # XXX: eval doesn't have `resume_from_checkpoint` arg but we should be able to do eval
             # from the checkpoint eventually
@@ -2238,10 +2244,13 @@ class Trainer:
 
         model = self._wrap_model(self.model, training=False)
 
-        # if full fp16 is wanted on eval and this ``evaluation`` or ``predict`` isn't called while
+        # if full fp16 or bf16 eval is wanted and this ``evaluation`` or ``predict`` isn't called
-        # ``train`` is running, halve it first and then put on device
+        # while ``train`` is running, cast it to the right dtype first and then put on device
-        if not self.is_in_train and self.args.fp16_full_eval:
+        if not self.is_in_train:
-            model = model.half().to(self.args.device)
+            if args.fp16_full_eval:
+                model = model.to(dtype=torch.float16, device=args.device)
+            elif args.bf16_full_eval:
+                model = model.to(dtype=torch.bfloat16, device=args.device)
 
         batch_size = dataloader.batch_size
 
@@ -2259,9 +2268,9 @@ class Trainer:
         eval_dataset = dataloader.dataset
 
         if is_torch_tpu_available():
-            dataloader = pl.ParallelLoader(dataloader, [self.args.device]).per_device_loader(self.args.device)
+            dataloader = pl.ParallelLoader(dataloader, [args.device]).per_device_loader(args.device)
 
-        if self.args.past_index >= 0:
+        if args.past_index >= 0:
             self._past = None
 
         # Initialize containers
@@ -2301,10 +2310,10 @@ class Trainer:
                 labels = self._pad_across_processes(labels)
                 labels = self._nested_gather(labels)
                 labels_host = labels if labels_host is None else nested_concat(labels_host, labels, padding_index=-100)
-            self.control = self.callback_handler.on_prediction_step(self.args, self.state, self.control)
+            self.control = self.callback_handler.on_prediction_step(args, self.state, self.control)
 
             # Gather all tensors and put them back on the CPU if we have done enough accumulation steps.
-            if self.args.eval_accumulation_steps is not None and (step + 1) % self.args.eval_accumulation_steps == 0:
+            if args.eval_accumulation_steps is not None and (step + 1) % args.eval_accumulation_steps == 0:
                 if losses_host is not None:
                     losses = nested_numpify(losses_host)
                     all_losses = losses if all_losses is None else np.concatenate((all_losses, losses), axis=0)
@@ -2320,7 +2329,7 @@ class Trainer:
                 # Set back to None to begin a new accumulation
                 losses_host, preds_host, labels_host = None, None, None
 
-        if self.args.past_index and hasattr(self, "_past"):
+        if args.past_index and hasattr(self, "_past"):
             # Clean the state at the end of the evaluation loop
             delattr(self, "_past")
 
@@ -2492,11 +2501,12 @@ class Trainer:
             else:
                 if has_labels:
                     if self.use_amp:
-                        with autocast():
+                        with autocast(dtype=self.amp_dtype):
                             loss, outputs = self.compute_loss(model, inputs, return_outputs=True)
                     else:
                         loss, outputs = self.compute_loss(model, inputs, return_outputs=True)
                     loss = loss.mean().detach()
+
                     if isinstance(outputs, dict):
                         logits = tuple(v for k, v in outputs.items() if k not in ignore_keys + ["loss"])
                     else:
@@ -2504,7 +2514,7 @@ class Trainer:
                 else:
                     loss = None
                     if self.use_amp:
-                        with autocast():
+                        with autocast(dtype=self.amp_dtype):
                             outputs = model(**inputs)
                     else:
                         outputs = model(**inputs)
@@ -2719,14 +2729,14 @@ class Trainer:
 
         Works both with or without labels.
         """
+        args = self.args
+
         if not isinstance(dataloader.dataset, collections.abc.Sized):
             raise ValueError("dataset must implement __len__")
-        prediction_loss_only = (
+        prediction_loss_only = prediction_loss_only if prediction_loss_only is not None else args.prediction_loss_only
-            prediction_loss_only if prediction_loss_only is not None else self.args.prediction_loss_only
-        )
 
         # if eval is called w/o train init deepspeed here
-        if self.args.deepspeed and not self.deepspeed:
+        if args.deepspeed and not self.deepspeed:
 
             # XXX: eval doesn't have `resume_from_checkpoint` arg but we should be able to do eval
             # from the checkpoint eventually
@@ -2742,10 +2752,13 @@ class Trainer:
 
         model = self._wrap_model(self.model, training=False)
 
-        # if full fp16 is wanted on eval and this ``evaluation`` or ``predict`` isn't called while
+        # if full fp16 or bf16 eval is wanted and this ``evaluation`` or ``predict`` isn't called
-        # ``train`` is running, halve it first and then put on device
+        # while ``train`` is running, cast it to the right dtype first and then put on device
-        if not self.is_in_train and self.args.fp16_full_eval:
+        if not self.is_in_train:
-            model = model.half().to(self.args.device)
+            if args.fp16_full_eval:
+                model = model.to(dtype=torch.float16, device=args.device)
+            elif args.bf16_full_eval:
+                model = model.to(dtype=torch.bfloat16, device=args.device)
 
         batch_size = dataloader.batch_size
         num_examples = self.num_examples(dataloader)
@@ -2756,7 +2769,7 @@ class Trainer:
         preds_host: Union[torch.Tensor, List[torch.Tensor]] = None
         labels_host: Union[torch.Tensor, List[torch.Tensor]] = None
 
-        world_size = max(1, self.args.world_size)
+        world_size = max(1, args.world_size)
 
         eval_losses_gatherer = DistributedTensorGatherer(world_size, num_examples, make_multiple_of=batch_size)
         if not prediction_loss_only:
@@ -2771,9 +2784,9 @@ class Trainer:
         model.eval()
 
         if is_torch_tpu_available():
-            dataloader = pl.ParallelLoader(dataloader, [self.args.device]).per_device_loader(self.args.device)
+            dataloader = pl.ParallelLoader(dataloader, [args.device]).per_device_loader(args.device)
 
-        if self.args.past_index >= 0:
+        if args.past_index >= 0:
             self._past = None
 
         self.callback_handler.eval_dataloader = dataloader
@@ -2787,10 +2800,10 @@ class Trainer:
                 preds_host = logits if preds_host is None else nested_concat(preds_host, logits, padding_index=-100)
             if labels is not None:
                 labels_host = labels if labels_host is None else nested_concat(labels_host, labels, padding_index=-100)
-            self.control = self.callback_handler.on_prediction_step(self.args, self.state, self.control)
+            self.control = self.callback_handler.on_prediction_step(args, self.state, self.control)
 
             # Gather all tensors and put them back on the CPU if we have done enough accumulation steps.
-            if self.args.eval_accumulation_steps is not None and (step + 1) % self.args.eval_accumulation_steps == 0:
+            if args.eval_accumulation_steps is not None and (step + 1) % args.eval_accumulation_steps == 0:
                 eval_losses_gatherer.add_arrays(self._gather_and_numpify(losses_host, "eval_losses"))
                 if not prediction_loss_only:
                     preds_gatherer.add_arrays(self._gather_and_numpify(preds_host, "eval_preds"))
@@ -2799,7 +2812,7 @@ class Trainer:
                 # Set back to None to begin a new accumulation
                 losses_host, preds_host, labels_host = None, None, None
 
-        if self.args.past_index and hasattr(self, "_past"):
+        if args.past_index and hasattr(self, "_past"):
             # Clean the state at the end of the evaluation loop
             delattr(self, "_past")
 

src/transformers/trainer_pt_utils.py

@@ -136,7 +136,13 @@ def nested_numpify(tensors):
     "Numpify `tensors` (even if it's a nested list/tuple of tensors)."
     if isinstance(tensors, (list, tuple)):
         return type(tensors)(nested_numpify(t) for t in tensors)
-    return tensors.cpu().numpy()
+    t = tensors.cpu()
+    if t.dtype == torch.bfloat16:
+        # As of Numpy 1.21.4, NumPy does not support bfloat16 (see
+        # https://github.com/numpy/numpy/blob/a47ecdea856986cd60eabbd53265c2ca5916ad5d/doc/source/user/basics.types.rst ).
+        # Until Numpy adds bfloat16, we must convert float32.
+        t = t.to(torch.float32)
+    return t.numpy()
 
 
 def nested_detach(tensors):

src/transformers/training_args.py

@@ -207,18 +207,26 @@ class TrainingArguments:
             Random seed that will be set at the beginning of training. To ensure reproducibility across runs, use the
             :func:`~transformers.Trainer.model_init` function to instantiate the model if it has some randomly
             initialized parameters.
+        bf16 (:obj:`bool`, `optional`, defaults to :obj:`False`):
+            Whether to use bf16 16-bit (mixed) precision training instead of 32-bit training. Requires Ampere or higher
+            NVIDIA architecture. This is an experimental API and it may change.
         fp16 (:obj:`bool`, `optional`, defaults to :obj:`False`):
-            Whether to use 16-bit (mixed) precision training instead of 32-bit training.
+            Whether to use fp16 16-bit (mixed) precision training instead of 32-bit training.
         fp16_opt_level (:obj:`str`, `optional`, defaults to 'O1'):
             For :obj:`fp16` training, Apex AMP optimization level selected in ['O0', 'O1', 'O2', and 'O3']. See details
             on the `Apex documentation <https://nvidia.github.io/apex/amp.html>`__.
         fp16_backend (:obj:`str`, `optional`, defaults to :obj:`"auto"`):
+            This argument is deprecated. Use ``half_precision_backend`` instead.
+        half_precision_backend (:obj:`str`, `optional`, defaults to :obj:`"auto"`):
             The backend to use for mixed precision training. Must be one of :obj:`"auto"`, :obj:`"amp"` or
             :obj:`"apex"`. :obj:`"auto"` will use AMP or APEX depending on the PyTorch version detected, while the
             other choices will force the requested backend.
+        bf16_full_eval (:obj:`bool`, `optional`, defaults to :obj:`False`):
+            Whether to use full bfloat16 evaluation instead of 32-bit. This will be faster and save memory but can harm
+            metric values. This is an experimental API and it may change.
         fp16_full_eval (:obj:`bool`, `optional`, defaults to :obj:`False`):
-            Whether to use full 16-bit precision evaluation instead of 32-bit. This will be faster and save memory but
+            Whether to use full float16 evaluation instead of 32-bit. This will be faster and save memory but can harm
-            can harm metric values.
+            metric values.
         local_rank (:obj:`int`, `optional`, defaults to -1):
             Rank of the process during distributed training.
         xpu_backend (:obj:`str`, `optional`):
@@ -507,10 +515,15 @@ class TrainingArguments:
     )
     no_cuda: bool = field(default=False, metadata={"help": "Do not use CUDA even when it is available"})
     seed: int = field(default=42, metadata={"help": "Random seed that will be set at the beginning of training."})
-
+    bf16: bool = field(
+        default=False,
+        metadata={
+            "help": "Whether to use bf16 (mixed) precision instead of 32-bit. Requires Ampere or higher NVIDIA architecture. This is an experimental API and it may change."
+        },
+    )
     fp16: bool = field(
         default=False,
-        metadata={"help": "Whether to use 16-bit (mixed) precision instead of 32-bit"},
+        metadata={"help": "Whether to use fp16 (mixed) precision instead of 32-bit"},
     )
     fp16_opt_level: str = field(
         default="O1",
@@ -521,13 +534,19 @@ class TrainingArguments:
             )
         },
     )
-    fp16_backend: str = field(
+    half_precision_backend: str = field(
         default="auto",
-        metadata={"help": "The backend to be used for mixed precision.", "choices": ["auto", "amp", "apex"]},
+        metadata={"help": "The backend to be used for half precision.", "choices": ["auto", "amp", "apex"]},
+    )
+    bf16_full_eval: bool = field(
+        default=False,
+        metadata={
+            "help": "Whether to use full bfloat16 evaluation instead of 32-bit. This is an experimental API and it may change."
+        },
     )
     fp16_full_eval: bool = field(
         default=False,
-        metadata={"help": "Whether to use full 16-bit precision evaluation instead of 32-bit"},
+        metadata={"help": "Whether to use full float16 evaluation instead of 32-bit"},
     )
     local_rank: int = field(default=-1, metadata={"help": "For distributed training: local_rank"})
     xpu_backend: str = field(
@@ -666,6 +685,10 @@ class TrainingArguments:
         },
     )
     # Deprecated arguments
+    fp16_backend: str = field(
+        default="auto",
+        metadata={"help": "Deprecated. Use half_precision_backend instead", "choices": ["auto", "amp", "apex"]},
+    )
     push_to_hub_model_id: str = field(
         default=None, metadata={"help": "The name of the repository to which push the `Trainer`."}
     )
@@ -754,10 +777,31 @@ class TrainingArguments:
         if self.run_name is None:
             self.run_name = self.output_dir
 
-        if is_torch_available() and self.device.type != "cuda" and (self.fp16 or self.fp16_full_eval):
+        if self.fp16_backend and self.fp16_backend != "auto":
-            raise ValueError(
+            warnings.warn(
-                "Mixed precision training with AMP or APEX (`--fp16`) and FP16 evaluation can only be used on CUDA devices."
+                "`fp16_backend` is deprecated and will be removed in version 5 of 🤗 Transformers. Use `half_precision_backend` instead",
+                FutureWarning,
             )
+            self.half_precision_backend = self.fp16_backend
+
+        if self.fp16 and self.bf16:
+            raise ValueError("At most one of fp16 and bf16 can be True, but not both")
+        if self.bf16:
+            if self.half_precision_backend == "apex":
+                raise ValueError(
+                    " `--half_precision_backend apex`: bf16 is not supported by apex. Use `--half_precision_backend amp` instead"
+                )
+            if not (self.sharded_ddp == "" or not self.sharded_ddp):
+                raise ValueError("sharded_ddp is not supported with bf16")
+        if (
+            is_torch_available()
+            and self.device.type != "cuda"
+            and (self.fp16 or self.fp16_full_eval or self.bf16 or self.bf16_full_eval)
+        ):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Mixed precision training with AMP or APEX (`--fp16` or `--bf16`) and half precision evaluation (`--fp16_full_eval` or `--bf16_full_eval`) can only be used on CUDA devices."
+            )
+
         if self.report_to is None:
             logger.info(
                 "The default value for the training argument `--report_to` will change in v5 (from all installed "

tests/test_trainer.py

@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ from transformers.testing_utils import (
     require_sigopt,
     require_tokenizers,
     require_torch,
+    require_torch_bf16,
     require_torch_gpu,
     require_torch_multi_gpu,
     require_torch_non_multi_gpu,
@@ -476,6 +477,21 @@ class TrainerIntegrationPrerunTest(TestCasePlus, TrainerIntegrationCommon):
         self.assertFalse(torch.allclose(trainer.model.b, b))
         self.assertGreater(trainer.optimizer.state_dict()["param_groups"][0]["lr"], 0)
 
+    @require_torch_gpu
+    @require_torch_bf16
+    def test_mixed_bf16(self):
+
+        # very basic test
+        trainer = get_regression_trainer(learning_rate=0.1, bf16=True)
+        trainer.train()
+        self.check_trained_model(trainer.model)
+
+        # --bf16 --half_precision_backend apex can't be used together
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            trainer = get_regression_trainer(learning_rate=0.1, bf16=True, half_precision_backend="apex")
+
+        # will add more specific tests once there are some bugs to fix
+
 
 @require_torch
 @require_sentencepiece
@@ -1323,6 +1339,66 @@ class TrainerIntegrationTest(TestCasePlus, TrainerIntegrationCommon):
         # perfect world: fp32_init/2 == fp16_eval
         self.assertAlmostEqual(fp16_eval, fp32_init / 2, delta=5_000)
 
+    @require_torch_gpu
+    @require_torch_bf16
+    def test_bf16_full_eval(self):
+        # note: most of the logic is the same as test_fp16_full_eval
+
+        # this is a sensitive test so let's keep debugging printouts in place for quick diagnosis.
+        # it's using pretty large safety margins, but small enough to detect broken functionality.
+        debug = 0
+        n_gpus = get_gpu_count()
+
+        bs = 8
+        eval_len = 16 * n_gpus
+        # make the params somewhat big so that there will be enough RAM consumed to be able to
+        # measure things. We should get about 64KB for a+b in fp32
+        a = torch.ones(1000, bs) + 0.001
+        b = torch.ones(1000, bs) - 0.001
+
+        # 1. with mem metrics enabled
+        trainer = get_regression_trainer(a=a, b=b, eval_len=eval_len, skip_memory_metrics=False)
+        metrics = trainer.evaluate()
+        del trainer
+        gc.collect()
+
+        fp32_init = metrics["init_mem_gpu_alloc_delta"]
+        fp32_eval = metrics["eval_mem_gpu_alloc_delta"]
+
+        if debug:
+            print(f"fp32_init {fp32_init}")
+            print(f"fp32_eval {fp32_eval}")
+
+        # here we expect the model to be preloaded in trainer.__init__ and consume around 64K gpu ram.
+        # perfect world: fp32_init == 64<<10
+        self.assertGreater(fp32_init, 59_000)
+        # after eval should be no extra memory allocated - with a small margin (other than the peak
+        # memory consumption for the forward calculation that gets recovered)
+        # perfect world: fp32_eval == close to zero
+        self.assertLess(fp32_eval, 5_000)
+
+        # 2. with mem metrics disabled
+        trainer = get_regression_trainer(a=a, b=b, eval_len=eval_len, bf16_full_eval=True, skip_memory_metrics=False)
+        metrics = trainer.evaluate()
+        bf16_init = metrics["init_mem_gpu_alloc_delta"]
+        bf16_eval = metrics["eval_mem_gpu_alloc_delta"]
+
+        if debug:
+            print(f"bf16_init {bf16_init}")
+            print(f"bf16_eval {bf16_eval}")
+
+        # here we expect the model to not be preloaded in trainer.__init__, so with a small margin it should be close to 0
+        # perfect world: bf16_init == close to zero
+        self.assertLess(bf16_init, 5_000)
+        # here we put the model on device in eval and only `half()` of it, i.e. about 32K,(again we ignore the peak margin which gets returned back)
+        # perfect world: fp32_init == 32<<10
+        self.assertGreater(bf16_eval, 27_000)
+
+        # 3. relative comparison fp32 vs full bf16
+        # should be about half of bf16_init
+        # perfect world: fp32_init/2 == bf16_eval
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(bf16_eval, fp32_init / 2, delta=5_000)
+
     def test_no_wd_param_group(self):
         model = nn.Sequential(TstLayer(128), nn.ModuleList([TstLayer(128), TstLayer(128)]))
         trainer = Trainer(model=model)